The last decade has witnessed a great deal of theoretical and empirical research on the relationships between inflation, financial market performance, and economic growth.
Under the National Banking System, 1863-1914, national banks that deposited sufficient collateral could issue notes provided they paid a tax on notes in circulation: 1 percent per year before 1900 and 1⁄2 percent thereafter.
The world has seen a dramatic decline in inflation rates in recent decades, but concerns about inflation may still be warranted, especially in some countries.
The terrorist attacks of 9/11 triggered a staggering increase in demand for U.S. dollars all over the world, a demand which threatened to disrupt the American payments system but was met swiftly and successfully by the Federal Reserve.
The Federal Reserve System is America’s uneasy compromise between our wariness of concentrated financial power and our desire to promote efficiency in our national payments system.