News and Events

That change is the main reason why young college graduates are currently experiencing particularly high unemployment rates, according to new Cleveland Fed research.

President Hammack spoke at the 2025 Financial Stability Conference on November 20, 2025.

Inflation expectations among U.S. business leaders decreased in the fourth quarter of 2025, according to the Survey of Firms’ Inflation Expectations (SoFIE), which is published by the Cleveland Fed’s Center for Inflation Research.

The model made accurate forecasts based on Beige Book sentiment from the mid-1980s through 2021, but since then, the relationship between Beige Book sentiment and recessions appears to have broken down, according to new Cleveland Fed research.

President Hammack spoke at the Economic Club of New York on November 6, 2025.

Beth M. Hammack—President and Chief Executive Officer—Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland—2025 Financial Stability Conference: Financial Stability in a Time of Rapid Economic and Technological Change—Cleveland, Ohio

Beth M. Hammack—President and Chief Executive Officer—Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland—The Economic Club of New York—New York, New York

Beth M. Hammack | President and Chief Executive Officer | Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland | Cuyahoga County Community College, Corporate College 20-Year Anniversary Celebration | Warrensville Hts., OH

Beth M. Hammack—President and Chief Executive Officer—Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland—Policy Summit 2025: Building Strong and Sustainable Communities, Cleveland, OH

Beth M. Hammack—President and Chief Executive Officer—Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland—Barclays-CEPR Monetary Policy Forum 2025, London, UK