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Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Cause an Urban Exodus? Data Updates for Tables and Figures

03.25.21

The tables and figures in the brief “Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Cause an Urban Exodus?” have been updated with more recent data. The calculations of all migration estimates remain the same as those in the original data brief. Please read the original brief for a detailed description of the data and methods.

For additional closely related analyses, please see the following publications:

The views expressed in this report are those of the author and are not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Headlines

  • How Well Does the Cleveland Fed’s Systemic Risk Indicator Predict Stress?

    Ben R. Craig

    A number of financial stress measures were developed after the financial crisis of 2007–2009 in the hope that they could provide regulators with advance warning of conditions that might warrant a corrective response. The Cleveland Fed’s systemic risk indicator is one such measure. This Commentary provides a review of the SRI’s performance from 2001 to 2020 and finds that it has performed well, providing a reliable, valid, and timely signal of elevated levels of financial system stress. Read More

  • Forward Guidance during the Pandemic: Has It Changed the Public’s Expectations?

    Wesley Janson Chengcheng Jia

    In responding to the COVID-19 crisis, the Federal Reserve has both lowered the federal funds rate and provided forward guidance. We study whether the forward guidance given with the April and June 2020 FOMC meetings altered the public’s expectations of future policy rates, GDP growth, and inflation. We find that forward guidance was effective in altering the public’s expectations about future policy rates if it was accompanied by an SEP but not expectations about economic fundamentals. We suggest that the difference might be explained by FOMC statements being interpretable in two different ways and the public not having a dominant view on which interpretation was intended. Read More

  • The CRA Is Important for Underserved Communities, and Your Input Can Help Modernize It

    Susan Schaaf

    The Fed is seeking to modernize the Community Reinvestment Act in a way that significantly expands financial inclusion, and you can have a say in how it’s done. Read More

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