Deflation

Research and Analysis

Our research informs the public and policymakers by examining economic issues of importance to those in our local communities, across the nation, and around the world.
- Research teams
- Publications
  
  We publish research and analyses to keep audiences informed of economic trends in our region and nationwide. View latest releases or explore our archive.
- Events
- Inflation questions?
  Visit our Center for Inflation Research for all things inflation—from general information on how inflation works and why it matters to the latest data and analysis on current inflationary trends.

Region and Community

We represent and gather information from the Fourth Federal Reserve District, spanning Ohio and parts of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky. These resources are useful for our region, the communities we serve, and communities across the United States.
- Our region
  
  Learn about our work to advance understanding of economic trends affecting the Fourth District.
- Our communities
- Events
  
  Hear from local leaders and community development experts about economic problems their communities face and the solutions they are putting forth.
- By topic
  
  Looking for the Fed’s work on a particular subject? Narrow your search to the areas that interest you.
- Register to attend!
  Join us in Cleveland or virtually on June 26–27, 2025, for our 17th Policy Summit, as we explore research and innovative strategies for "Building Strong and Sustainable Communities."
  
  Interested in other events? Check out our Fed Talk series.

Education

Learn economic basics, dive into inflation, and get educational resources and games for yourself or to share with others.
- Ways to learn
  
  Explore articles, explainers, videos and more to learn about our economy and the Fed.
- Financial Literacy and Career Readiness
  
  Browse the Cleveland Fed’s suite of programs and resources for informative ways to learn about personal finance or career readiness.
- Visits and tours
  
  Visit us to learn more about our history and our ongoing work to promote financial literacy throughout our region.
  - Visit Us
- Financial Literacy Curriculum
  Learn more about resources supporting required high school, middle school, and elementary school financial literacy courses.

Banking and Payments

We supervise financial institutions, support American consumers’ financial security, and maintain the financial stability and payment systems for the US Treasury.
- Banking research and tools
  
  The Cleveland Fed provides a range of tools for tracking trends in the lending environment.
- For consumers
  
  Learn about the resources we offer to help people in the community navigate the financial system.
- For financial institutions
  
  Understand the various requirements for Fed-chartered financial institutions and discover the range of services available to them—from cash services and reserve balance data to the discount window.
- Supporting the financial system
  
  Find out how the Cleveland Fed supervises member banks to ensure financial-system stability and support the US Treasury.

About Us

We serve the American people as part of the US central bank. We support the US economy and our region by studying economic conditions and issues that impact our communities, serving financial institutions, and providing economic education and resources for all.
- Our leadership
  
  Meet the individuals leading our mission, including the president and executive leadership team, advisory council members, and the boards of directors of each Cleveland Fed branch.
- Who we are and what we do
  
  The Fed does more than inform monetary policy. Learn about the mission, structure, and role of our organization, both regionally and nationally.
- Sharing our work
  
  Community outreach, education, and research are central to the Fed’s mission. Connect with us as we share our work, latest publications, and welcome you to visit our learning center.

Annual Report of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland

Deflation

One of the most remarkable economic developments of the last two decades has been the overwhelming success of central banks in the industrialized world at reducing inflation.

Download pdf

12.31.20022002

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Inflation

National economy

Regional and community

Research teams

Publications

Events

Our region

Our communities

By topic

Events

Ways to learn

Financial Literacy and Career Readiness

Visits and tours

Banking research and tools

For consumers

For financial institutions

Supporting the financial system

Our leadership

Who we are and what we do

Sharing our work

Deflation

Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland

Cleveland office

Cincinnati office

Pittsburgh office

CLEVELAND FED DIGEST

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Indicators and Data

Inflation

National economy

Regional and community

Research and Analysis

Research teams

Publications

Events

Region and Community

Our region

Our communities

By topic

Events

Education

Ways to learn

Financial Literacy and Career Readiness

Visits and tours

Banking and Payments

Banking research and tools

For consumers

For financial institutions

Supporting the financial system

About Us

Our leadership

Who we are and what we do

Sharing our work

Deflation

Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland

CLEVELAND FED DIGEST

Explore our new Articles and Insights page