Community Development Briefs
These briefs provide a snapshot of what's happening—in housing, in workforce development, etc.—in communities across our District, based on careful analysis of current data.
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Data Updates: Measuring Evictions during the COVID-19 Crisis
Temporary policies put in place to protect renters are beginning to expire. To understand how the crisis is affecting evictions, our researchers measured eviction filing activity in 44 cities and counties across the nation. Read More
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Has Bank Consolidation Changed People’s Access to a Full-Service Bank Branch?
As consolidation within the banking industry during the 2000s accelerated in the 2010s, the number of banking institutions and the branches they operate fluctuated. How did these changes affect banking customers? Read More
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Missed Connections in Cleveland: The Disconnect Between Job Access and Employment
Generally, a high job-access rate has a positive impact on employment; that is, in areas where jobs are easier to reach, employment rates are usually higher. But this isn’t true for the Cleveland metro area. In fact, we see the reverse: Neighborhoods with high rates of job access tend to have low employment rates, and neighborhoods with low rates of job access tend to have high employment rates. Read More
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Rural Employment in Four States: A Story of Specialization and Change (2010 through 2019)
Is specializing in an industry the way to economic success or the road to economic challenges for rural communities? It depends on the community’s resilience. Read More
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An Uphill Battle: COVID-19’s Outsized Toll on Minority-Owned Firms
Data suggest that minority-owned small businesses have been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. This report considers various data sources and examines possible explanations for race-level differences in COVID-19’s impact on businesses. Read More
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The Decline in Access to Jobs and the Location of Employment Growth in US Metro Areas: Implications for Economic Opportunity and Mobility
Increasing workers’ access to jobs has been found to significantly decrease the duration of joblessness among lower-income unemployed workers. Policies that influence the location of employment growth within a metro area could impact the pace of the labor market recovery from the COVID-19-induced recession. By studying trends in job access, we discern developments that might inform our policy choices. Read More
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Measuring Evictions during the COVID-19 Crisis
Temporary policies put in place to protect renters are beginning to expire. To understand how the crisis is affecting evictions, our researchers measured eviction filing activity in 44 cities and counties across the nation. Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of March 2009
In response to constituents’ requests for data, the Community Development team has developed a new format to provide periodic snapshots of mortgage lending and foreclosure patterns in the 4th District at the county level. Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of March 2009
The second installment in the series takes a look at how loans were performing in March 2009. Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of July 2009
The third installment in the series examines recent trends in delinquency rates for both prime and subprime loans in 4th District states. Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of October 2009
This edition focuses on trends in real estate owned properties (REO) and foreclosures rates. Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of December 2009
Typically thought of as the better-performing relative of subprime loans, prime loans have suffered from increasing delinquency rates as unemployment rates remain high Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of April 2010
Over the last four years, FHA-insured loans increased as a share of all loans by 29 percentage points from 8.2% to 37.3%. Given their popularity, how have these mortgages performed? Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of July 2010
Troubling trends remain in this edition of the data brief. While the percent of loans at least 60 days delinquent has decreased, these loans appear to be flowing into foreclosure, which is ticking up. Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of December 2010
The 8th edition of the data brief finds that the glut of loans greater than 90 days delinquent is subsiding from its high in early 2010 as they naturally progress into foreclosure. Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of May 2011
Housing markets are still struggling. The latest edition of Mortgage Lending Patterns takes a regional look at housing conditions in the Fourth District. Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of August 2011
For this edition of our data brief, we look at how loans are faring 12 months after they enter foreclosure, and compare results from two time periods. Read More
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Rental housing patterns in Cuyahoga County, Ohio
Traditionally, renting has served as a stepping-stone to homeownership as well as an alternative for those seeking flexibility and more affordable places to live. Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of December 2011
This edition finds that compared to a year ago many counties in Ohio and West Virginia have seen decreases in both delinquency and foreclosure rates, while counties in Kentucky and Pennsylvania have seen increases in both. Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of June 2012
With the "foreclosure pipeline" still quite full, REO sales remain the most common exit for distressed loans in all Fourth District states. Shares are steady in West Virginia and Pennsylvania; Kentucky and Ohio. Read More
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Mortgage Lending Patterns in Fourth District Communities as of June 2013
The focus of this issue is trends in underwater loans, home prices, and refinancing rates in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Read More
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Education and Employment Opportunities for Younger Workers in Kentucky Metro Areas
In this data brief, we describe changes in the labor market of Kentucky's metros during the recession and recovery period of 2006-2011. Read More
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Education and Employment Opportunities for Younger Workers in the Cincinnati MSA
In this data brief, we describe changes in the Cincinnati MSA labor market the recession and recovery period of 2006-2011. Read More
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Education and Employment Opportunities for Younger Workers in the Cleveland MSA
This data brief describes changes in the Cleveland MSA labor market during the recession and recovery period of 2006-2011. Read More
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Education and Employment Opportunities for Younger Workers in the Pittsburgh MSA
In this data brief, we describe changes in the Pittsburgh MSA labor market during the recession and recovery period of 2006-2011. Read More
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Employment Trends in Two Sectors Show a Region in Transition
In this data brief, we examine trends in population and private employment in 17 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the Fourth District. Read More
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Good News and Bad News on Small Business Lending in 2014
Last year brought better news for U.S. small businesses. Read More
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Strong Recovery for Whom? Trends in Dayton, Ohio, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Exemplify Growing Earnings Gaps between Minority and White Workers Present in Many US Regions
The gap in earnings between the typical white and minority worker grew in these two metro areas more than any other metro area during a 10-year period encompassing both the Great Recession and subsequent recovery. The reasons for the growing gap differ, reflecting divergent trends existent across the country. Read More
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The Opioid Epidemic and Its Effects: A Perspective on What We Know from the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
Drug overdoses are now the leading cause of death for Americans under 50. In the Fourth District states of Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, opioid overdose deaths are occurring at rates that exceed the 2016 national average of 13.2 deaths per 100,000 people. Read More
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Lead Poisoning and the Children of Cuyahoga County
Lead poisoning has been a public health concern for decades. And water with high lead levels is only part of the problem. Read More